Mostrando postagens com marcador INS. Mostrar todas as postagens
Mostrando postagens com marcador INS. Mostrar todas as postagens

quinta-feira, 16 de janeiro de 2020

Impact of GNSS signal loss on aircraft operations - Be Prepared


The power of the GPS signal “is comparable to the power emitted by a 60-watt light bulb located more than 20,000 km [12,000 mi.] away from the surface of the earth; this means the signal could easily be disturbed by any ground source located near an aircraft and emitting in the GPS L1 frequency,” Airbus experts in operations, navigation and security say in a company publication focusing on safety.



Interference can cause the loss of GNSS position and timing. In that instance, the Flight Management System (FMS) will revert to the onboard inertial reference system (IRS) and ground-based navigation aids, such as DME and VOR (distance measuring equipment and VHF omnidirectional range). “A loss of GNSS inputs does not lead to a map shift or an erroneous position computation by the FMS. In the case of a loss of GPS signal, the FMS switches from the mixed GPS/IRS position to an IRS-DME/DME position or IRS-VOR/DME or pure IRS, in order of priority,” the experts explain.

How to handle these events in the daily aircraft operations

When GNSS signals from satellite constellation are lost or degraded by interferences, depending on the duration, aircraft capabilities can be maintained, limited or lost during the flight. 

Cockpit effects that can be observed by the flight crew during total loss of GNSS signal.

Click on images for sized complete  view



Maintenance recommendations to be considered during post-flight analysis after GNSS loss event.




 A320, A330, A340, A380 and A350 aircrafts



 GPS output sent to the IRS which sends a “hybridized” position to the FMS).
These aircraft are fitted with two MMRs, three ADIRUs and two (A320/A330/A340/A380) or three (A350) FMS to compute the aircraft position. 
In case GPS data is lost due to GNSS RFI affecting both MMRs, the aircraft position source will switch to pure IRS and will enter into the so called coasting mode. If the integrity of GPIRS data is degraded enough then the position source will switch to other radio navigation based solution (from FMS) according to the availability of DME and VOR. If Navaids are not available, the aircraft position solution will switch to IRS only.




domingo, 15 de junho de 2008

Avião com Asa Avariada - Controle e Pouso Automático


ENGLISH PORTUGUÊS

Rockwell Collins successfully controls and lands wing-damaged UAV
Rockwell Collins bem sucedidamente controla e pousa Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado com asa avariada

June 10, 2008 - Rockwell Collins, through newly-acquired Athena Technologies, has completed a successful flight test of a significantly damaged unmanned F/A-18 subscale model air vehicle. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) sponsored the flight demonstrations held this spring at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds in Maryland.

10 JUNHO 2008 - Rockwell Collins, através de sua subsidiária Athena Technologies, completou com sucesso um vôo de teste de uma significante avaria num aeromodelo de F/A-18. A agência de Projetos de Pesquisa Avançada de Defesa ( DARPA ) patrocinou as demonstrações do vôo efetuado em Maryland.

During the first flight test, nearly half of the airplane's right wing was ejected to simulate battle damage and in-flight failure. During the second flight, almost 60 percent of the airplane's right wing was ejected. Upon ejecting the wing section during both flights, Rockwell Collins' Automatic Supervisory Adaptive Control (ASAC) technology reacted to the airplane's new vehicle configuration, automatically regained baseline performance, continued to fly the plane, and then autonomously landed it using internal Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System (INS/GPS) reference only.

Durante o primeiro vôo de teste, quase metade da asa direita do aeromodelo foi ejetada para simular avaria em combate e falha em vôo. Durante o segundo vôo, quase 60 porcento da asa direita do aeromodelo foi ejetada. A partir da ejeção da seção da asa durante ambos vôos, a tecnologia da Rockwell reagiu à nova configuração da aeronave, automaticamente recuperou a performance da linha básica, continuou o vôo do avião e então automacicamente pousou usando somente referência interna de sistema INS = Inertial Navigation System e GPS = Global Positioning System.

The flight test campaign followed a similar successful DARPA sponsored demonstration in April 2007, during which an aileron was ejected in-flight from the unmanned subscale F/A-18.

As operações do vôo teste seguiu uma demonstração bem sucedida similar patrocininada pela DARPA em Abril 2007, durante a qual um aileron foi ejetado em vôo de um aeromodelo F/A-18.

"DARPA asked us to significantly increase the level of damage and risk in this latest flight test campaign to really put the Rockwell Collins controls technology through its paces," said Mike Myers, vice president of Business Development for Rockwell Collins Government Systems. "We are pleased with the ability of our adaptive controls to instantly detect and react to the new vehicle configuration after loss of major sections of the wing. The ASAC controls technology enabled the airplane to continue to fly completely autonomously without a hitch and land without further damage."

"DARPA pediu-nos para significantemente aumentar o nível de danos e risco nesta última operação de teste de vôo para realmente colocar a tecnologia de controles Rockwell Collins atotalmente em seus passos", disse Mike Myers, vice-presidente da Business Development for Rockwell Collins Government Systems. "Nós estamos contentes com a habilidade de nossos controles adequados para instantaneamente detectar e ragir à nova configuração do veículo após perda de seções principais da asa. A tecnologia de controles ASAC capacitou o avião a continuar voar completa e autonomamente sem abrupto movimento e pousar sem avaria adicional".

Damage tolerance is an enabling capability for increasing the mission reliability of UAVs operating in hazardous and high-threat environments. The technology provides for real-time autonomous accommodation of damage, followed by an adaptation process that alters the flight control system to compensate for the effects of the damage. During the flight test, Rockwell Collins demonstrated a capability that could be applicable to all military aircraft operating in combat environments and to commercial, business and general aviation for full flight automation and backup.

Tolerância de avaria é uma habilidade de capacitação para aumentar a confiabilidade da missão de UAVs [ = Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado ] operando em ambientes de risco e alta ameaça. A tecnologia sustenta autônomas acomodações de danos em tempo real, seguida por um processo de adaptação que altera o sistema de controle de vôo para compensar para os efeitos da avaria. Durante teste de vôo, Rockwell Collins demonstrou a capacidade que podia ser aplicável a todas aeronaves militares operando em ambientes de combate e para aviação comercial, executiva e geral em favor de total automação de vôo e apoio.

"This demonstration highlights the challenge and importance of autonomously controlling and landing an airplane that has sustained catastrophic damage or failure in flight," said Dr. David Vos, senior director of Control Technologies at Rockwell Collins. "This powerful capability can save the military the expense of lost UAVs. When applied to both manned and unmanned aircraft, damage tolerance is a key technology that can facilitate the convergence of manned and unmanned aircraft in increasingly crowded controlled airspace; but more importantly, the solution can save lives."

"Esta demonstração enfatiza o desafio e importâ ncia de autonomamente controlar e pousar uma avião que tenha sofrido avaria c atastrófica ou falha no vôo", disse o Dr. David Vos, diretor senior do Controle de Tecnologias da Rockwell Collins. "Esta capacidade poderosa pode salvar os militares dos custos de lerda de UAVs. Quando aplicados em ambas aeronaves tripuladas e não tripuladas, a tolerância de avaria é uma tecnologia chave que pode facilitar a convergência de aeronaves tripuladas e não tripuladas dentro do crescente abarrotado espaço aéreo controlado; mas o mais importante, a solução pode salvar vidas".

Rockwell Collins is a pioneer in the development and deployment of innovative communication and aviation electronic solutions for both commercial and government applications. To find out more, please visit www.rockwellcollins.com

A Rockwell Collins é uma pioneira no desenvolvimento e colocação em uso de comunicação inovativa e soluções eletrônicas na aviação para ambas aplicações comerciais e governamentais. Para descobrir mais, por favor visite
www.rockwellcollins.com