Greed For Shortening Passenger Legs - Evacuation Safety Issue

Uncomfortable seats are top gripe of airline passengers

 Assentos desconfortáveis são o topo das contrariedades de passageiros de linhas aéreas

 

 

 

Airline fees are among the most annoying aspect of commercial flying, but the biggest gripes among passengers are uncomfortable seats and tight legroom.	Taxas de empresas aéreas estão entre os aspectos mais irritantes de voo comercial, mas a maior queixa entre passageiros são assentos desconfortáveis e espaço apertado para pernas.
After uncomfortable seats and hefty passenger fees, the travelers who were surveyed said unpredictable flight delays, long security lines and obnoxious passengers were the biggest annoyances.	Depois de assentos desconfortáveis e taxas pesadas para passageiros, os viajantes que foram questionados disseram que atrasos imprevisíveis de voo, longas filas de segurança e passageiros detestáveis eram as maiores contrariedades.
The most irritating fees, according to the survey, are charges to check bags, carry bags into the cabin, upgrade to a better seat, print a boarding pass and buy in-flight extras.	As taxas mais irritantes, de acordo com a pesquisa de opinião são cobranças para verificar bolsas, carregar bolsas na cabine, promoção para um assento melhor, impressão de cartão de embarque e compras extras em voo.
With all of those complaints, you might think fewer people would want to fly.	Com todas dessas queixas, você pode pensar que poucas pessoas quereriam voar.
Instead, 91% of those who were surveyed said they planned to take a flight at least once in 2013, up from 86% who said they flew last year.	Em vez disso, 91% desses que foram pesquisados disseram que eles planejavam tomar um voo pelo menos uma vez em 2013, acima de 86% que disseram que eles voaram no último ano.

Sec. 25.803 — Emergency evacuation.

Evacuação em Emergência

(a) Each crew and passenger area must have emergency means to allow rapid evacuation in crash landings, with the landing gear extended as well as with the landing gear retracted, considering the possibility of the airplane being on fire.

(a) Cada área de tripulante e passageiro deve ter meios de emergência para permitir evacuação rápida em om fogo.acidentes de pousos, com o trem de pouso estendido tanto quanto com o trem de pouso recolhido, considerando a possibilidade do avião estar  com fogo.

(c) For airplanes having a seating capacity of more than 44 passengers, it must be shown that the maximum seating capacity, including the number of crewmembers required by the operating rules for which certification is requested, can be evacuated from the airplane to the ground under simulated emergency conditions within 90 seconds. Compliance with this requirement must be shown by actual demonstration using the test criteria outlined in appendix J of this part unless the Administrator finds that a combination of analysis and testing will provide data equivalent to that which would be obtained by actual demonstration.

(c) Para viões tendo uma capacidade de assentos de mais de 44 passageiros, ele deve ser demonstrado que a capacidade máxima de assento, incluindo o número de tripulantes exigidos pelas regras de operação para a qual a certificação é exigida, pode ser evcuado do avião para o solo sob condições simuladas de emergência dentro de 90 segundos.  De complacência com esta exigência deve ser mostrada por demonstração real usando o critério de teste esboçado no apêndice J desta permissão a menos que o Administrador ache que uma combinação de análise e teste fornecerão dados equivalentes para isso que seria obtido pela demonstração real.

 

 

Sec. 25.815 — Width of aisle.

 

Largura do corredor

 

The passenger aisle width at any point between seats must equal or exceed the values in the following table:

A largura do corridor de passageiro em qualquer ponto entre assentos deve igular ou exceeder os valores na tabela seguinte:

Capacidade de assento de passageiro Passenger seat capacity	Largura minima de corridor de passageiro (cm) Minimum width passenger seat
	Menos de 63,5 cm do assoalho Less than 63.5 cm from floor	63,5 cm ou mais do assoalho 63.5 cm or more from floor
25 ou menos	130	38
71 até 122	30	50
51 ou mais	38	50

¹A narrower width not less than 9 inches may be approved when substantiated by tests found necessary by the Administrator.

¹Uma largura mais estreita não menor que 22,8 cm pode ser aprovada quando substanciada por testes verificados pelo Administrador.

  

Since September 2003 the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has been responsible for setting design safety standards for most aircraft operating within the European Union. The minimum spacing between seat rows that is likely to exist on any particular type of aircraft is a function of the maximum number of passenger seats permitted. The certification seat requirements are limited solely to safety considerations. Standards of passenger comfort are a matter for the individual airlines. It has been agreed with EASA that the UK will retain its existing criteria for minimum seat space until such time as a new European standard may be introduced. The minimum distance between the back support cushion of a seat and the back of the seat or other fixed structure in front is approximately 66 cms (sic) (measured at 75mm above the seat cushion) in the take-off and landing configuration, that is with seats in the upright (unreclined) position only. The safety regulations are therefore designed to ensure that the majority of passengers can sit upright in the seat, stand up and move to the aisle without undue difficulty. They have been researched and developed to provide an acceptable degree of safety for passengers and apply equally to all UK registered aircraft. Each seating configuration is approved and inspected on introduction to service. Further inspections also occur during the service life of the aircraft, and operators are aware of their responsibilities in complying with applicable requirements.

Desde Setembro 2003 a Agência Europeia de Segurança de Aviação (EASA) tem sido responsável por ajustar projetos padrões de segurança para muitas operações de aeronave dentro da união Europeia. O espaço mínimo entre fileiras de assento que é provavelmente para existir em qualque tipo particular de aeronave é uma função do número máximo de assentos de passageiro permitidos. As exigências de certificação de assento estão llimitadas exclusivamente às considerações de segurança. Padrões de conforto de passageiro são um assunto para as empresas de linas aéreas. Tem estado concordado com a EASA que o Reino Unido reterá seu critério existente para espaço mínimo de assento até tal momento quando uma novo padrão Europeu puder ser introduzido. A distância mínima entre a almofada do suporte traseiro de um assento e a parte traseira do assento ou outra estrutura fixada em frente é de aproximadamente 66 centímetros (medidos em 75 milímetros por cima da almofada do assnto) na configuração de decolagem e pouso, que é com assentos na posição encosto da vertical (não reclinado) somente. As regras de segurança são pr essa razão designadas para assegurar que a maiora dos passageiros possam sentar-se no assento na posição encosto na vertical, ficar em pé e se mover para o corredor sem dificuldade indevida. Eles têm sido pesquisados e desenvolvidos para fornecerem um grau aceitável de segurança para passageiros e se adaptar igualmente a todas aeronaves registras na Inglaterra. Cada configuração de assento é aprovada e inspecionada no inicio do do serviço. Inspeções adicionais também ocorrem durante o tempo de serviço da aeroanve, e operadores são conscientizados de suas responsabilidades em se aterem às exigências aplicáveis.

 

FUTURE

 

 

 

 

 

Sec. 25.817 — Maximum number of seats abreast.

On airplanes having only one passenger aisle, no more than three seats abreast may be placed on each side of the aisle in any one row.

Número máximo de assentos lado a lado

Em aviões tendo somente um corredor de passageiro, não mais que três assentos lado a lado podem ser colocados em cada lado do corredor em qualquer uma fileira.

 

 

Sec. 25.807 — Emergency exits.

(a) Type. For the purpose of this part, the types of exits are defined as follows:

(1) Type I. This type is a floor-level exit with a rectangular opening of not less than 24 inches wide by 48 inches high, with corner radii not greater than eight inches.

(2) Type II. This type is a rectangular opening of not less than 20 inches wide by 44 inches high, with corner radii not greater than seven inches. Type II exits must be floor-level exits unless located over the wing, in which case they must not have a step-up inside the airplane of more than 10 inches nor a step-down outside the airplane of more than 17 inches.

(3) Type III. This type is a rectangular opening of not less than 20 inches wide by 36 inches high with corner radii not greater than seven inches, and with a step-up inside the airplane of not more than 20 inches. If the exit is located over the wing, the step-down outside the airplane may not exceed 27 inches.

(4) Type IV. This type is a rectangular opening of not less than 19 inches wide by 26 inches high, with corner radii not greater than 6.3 inches, located over the wing, with a step-up inside the airplane of not more than 29 inches and a step-down outside the airplane of not more than 36 inches.

(5) Ventral. This type is an exit from the passenger compartment through the pressure shell and the bottom fuselage skin. The dimensions and physical configuration of this type of exit must allow at least the same rate of egress as a Type I exit with the airplane in the normal ground attitude, with landing gear extended.

(6) Tailcone. This type is an aft exit from the passenger compartment through the pressure shell and through an openable cone of the fuselage aft of the pressure shell. The means of opening the tailcone must be simple and obvious and must employ a single operation.

(7) Type A. This type is a floor-level exit with a rectangular opening of not less than 42 inches wide by 72 inches high, with corner radii not greater than seven inches.

(8) Type B. This type is a floor-level exit with a rectangular opening of not less than 32 inches wide by 72 inches high, with corner radii not greater than six inches.

(9) Type C. This type is a floor-level exit with a rectangular opening of not less than 30 inches wide by 48 inches high, with corner radii not greater than 10 inches.

(b) Step down distance. Step down distance, as used in this section, means the actual distance between the bottom of the required opening and a usable foot hold, extending out from the fuselage, that is large enough to be effective without searching by sight or feel.

(c) Over-sized exits. Openings larger than those specified in this section, whether or not of rectangular shape, may be used if the specified rectangular opening can be inscribed within the opening and the base of the inscribed rectangular opening meets the specified step-up and step-down heights.

(d) Asymmetry. Exits of an exit pair need not be diametrically opposite each other nor of the same size; however, the number of passenger seats permitted under paragraph (g) of this section is based on the smaller of the two exits.

(e) Uniformity. Exits must be distributed as uniformly as practical, taking into account passenger seat distribution.

(f) Location. (1) Each required passenger emergency exit must be accessible to the passengers and located where it will afford the most effective means of passenger evacuation.

(2) If only one floor-level exit per side is prescribed, and the airplane does not have a tailcone or ventral emergency exit, the floor-level exits must be in the rearward part of the passenger compartment unless another location affords a more effective means of passenger evacuation.

(3) If more than one floor-level exit per side is prescribed, and the airplane does not have a combination cargo and passenger configuration, at least one floor-level exit must be located in each side near each end of the cabin.

(4) For an airplane that is required to have more than one passenger emergency exit for each side of the fuselage, no passenger emergency exit shall be more than 60 feet from any adjacent passenger emergency exit on the same side of the same deck of the fuselage, as measured parallel to the airplane's longitudinal axis between the nearest exit edges.

(g) Type and number required. The maximum number of passenger seats permitted depends on the type and number of exits installed in each side of the fuselage. Except as further restricted in paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(9) of this section, the maximum number of passenger seats permitted for each exit of a specific type installed in each side of the fuselage is as follows:

Type A	110
Type B	75
Type C	55
Type I	45
Type II	40
Type III	35
Type IV	9

(1) For a passenger seating configuration of 1 to 9 seats, there must be at least one Type IV or larger overwing exit in each side of the fuselage or, if overwing exits are not provided, at least one exit in each side that meets the minimum dimensions of a Type III exit.

(2) For a passenger seating configuration of more than 9 seats, each exit must be a Type III or larger exit.

(3) For a passenger seating configuration of 10 to 19 seats, there must be at least one Type III or larger exit in each side of the fuselage.

(4) For a passenger seating configuration of 20 to 40 seats, there must be at least two exits, one of which must be a Type II or larger exit, in each side of the fuselage.

(5) For a passenger seating configuration of 41 to 110 seats, there must be at least two exits, one of which must be a Type I or larger exit, in each side of the fuselage.

(6) For a passenger seating configuration of more than 110 seats, the emergency exits in each side of the fuselage must include at least two Type I or larger exits.

(7) The combined maximum number of passenger seats permitted for all Type III exits is 70, and the combined maximum number of passenger seats permitted for two Type III exits in each side of the fuselage that are separated by fewer than three passenger seat rows is 65.

(8) If a Type A, Type B, or Type C exit is installed, there must be at least two Type C or larger exits in each side of the fuselage.

(9) If a passenger ventral or tailcone exit is installed and that exit provides at least the same rate of egress as a Type III exit with the airplane in the most adverse exit opening condition that would result from the collapse of one or more legs of the landing gear, an increase in the passenger seating configuration is permitted as follows:

(i) For a ventral exit, 12 additional passenger seats.

(ii) For a tailcone exit incorporating a floor level opening of not less than 20 inches wide by 60 inches high, with corner radii not greater than seven inches, in the pressure shell and incorporating an approved assist means in accordance with §25.810(a), 25 additional passenger seats.

(iii) For a tailcone exit incorporating an opening in the pressure shell which is at least equivalent to a Type III emergency exit with respect to dimensions, step-up and step-down distance, and with the top of the opening not less than 56 inches from the passenger compartment floor, 15 additional passenger seats.

(h) Other exits. The following exits also must meet the applicable emergency exit requirements of §§25.809 through 25.812, and must be readily accessible:

(1) Each emergency exit in the passenger compartment in excess of the minimum number of required emergency exits.

(2) Any other floor-level door or exit that is accessible from the passenger compartment and is as large or larger than a Type II exit, but less than 46 inches wide.

(3) Any other ventral or tail cone passenger exit.

(i) Ditching emergency exits for passengers. Whether or not ditching certification is requested, ditching emergency exits must be provided in accordance with the following requirements, unless the emergency exits required by paragraph (g) of this section already meet them:

(1) For airplanes that have a passenger seating configuration of nine or fewer seats, excluding pilot seats, one exit above the waterline in each side of the airplane, meeting at least the dimensions of a Type IV exit.

(2) For airplanes that have a passenger seating configuration of 10 of more seats, excluding pilot seats, one exit above the waterline in a side of the airplane, meeting at least the dimensions of a Type III exit for each unit (or part of a unit) of 35 passenger seats, but no less than two such exits in the passenger cabin, with one on each side of the airplane. The passenger seat/ exit ratio may be increased through the use of larger exits, or other means, provided it is shown that the evacuation capability during ditching has been improved accordingly.

(3) If it is impractical to locate side exits above the waterline, the side exits must be replaced by an equal number of readily accessible overhead hatches of not less than the dimensions of a Type III exit, except that for airplanes with a passenger configuration of 35 or fewer seats, excluding pilot seats, the two required Type III side exits need be replaced by only one overhead hatch.

(j) Flightcrew emergency exits. For airplanes in which the proximity of passenger emergency exits to the flightcrew area does not offer a convenient and readily accessible means of evacuation of the flightcrew, and for all airplanes having a passenger seating capacity greater than 20, flightcrew exits shall be located in the flightcrew area. Such exits shall be of sufficient size and so located as to permit rapid evacuation by the crew. One exit shall be provided on each side of the airplane; or, alternatively, a top hatch shall be provided. Each exit must encompass an unobstructed rectangular opening of at least 19 by 20 inches unless satisfactory exit utility can be demonstrated by a typical crewmember.

[Amdt. 25–72, 55 FR 29781, July 20, 1990, as amended by Amdt. 25–88, 61 FR 57956, Nov. 8, 1996; 62 FR 1817, Jan. 13, 1997; Amdt. 25–94, 63 FR 8848, Feb. 23, 1998; 63 FR 12862, Mar. 16, 1998; Amdt. 25–114, 69 FR 24502, May 3, 2004]

Seat inclination for sleeping - ideal - but too more room - passenger pays more fees

 

Slide Seats - Outrage to passengers

 

Airline Seat Pitch details for medium / long haul flights - dimensions are shown in inches (for a metric conversion to cm, please multiply the inches by 2.5).        What is Seat Pitch?

 

Dimensions represent typical seat pitch offered by an airline on international flights - this may NOT be available on all of an airline's fleet of aircraft, and in some cases the dimensions shown illustrate the latest seat introductions by each airline.

 

	AIRLINE	First Class	Business  Class	Premium Economy	Economy
	Aer Lingus	*	52"	*	32"
	Aegean Airlines	*	33"	*	32"
	Aeroflot	*	62"	*	32"
	Aerolineas Argentinas	80"	50"	*	34"
	Aeromexico	*	60"	*	31"
	Aircalin	*	53"	*	32"
	Air Algerie	*	36"	*	32"
	Air Arabia	*	*	*	32"
	AirAsia	*	*	*	29"
	AirAsiaX	*	*	60"	32"
	Air Astana	*	39-55"	*	31-32"
	Air Austral	*	56"	38"	32"
	Air Canada	*	58"	*	31-33"
	Air Caraibes	*	*	38"	31"
	Air China	62"	42"	*	34"
	Air France	82"	48"	*	31"
	Air India	78"	48"	*	31-33"
	Air Malta	*	32"	*	30"
	Air Mauritius	73"	38"	*	33"
	Air Nigeria	*	42"	*	31"
	Air Namibia	*	48-63"	*	34"
	Air New Zealand	*	76"	*	34"
	Air Pacific	*	50"	*	32"
	Air Seychelles	*	50"	*	32"
	Air Tahiti Nui	80"	55"	*	32"
	AirTran Airways	*	36"	*	31"
	Air Transat	*	55"	37"	32"
	Alaska Airlines	*	36"	*	32"
	Alitalia	*	55"	*	32"
	All Nippon Airways	83"	65"	38"	32"
	American Airlines	89"	59"	*	31-32"
	American Eagle	*	*	*	31"
	ArkeFly	*	37"	33"	30"
	Asiana Airlines	83"	50"	*	32-34"
	Austrian Airlines	*	57-59"	*	32"
	Avianca	*	56"	*	34"
	British Airways	78"	73"	38"	31"
	Brussels Airlines	*	62"	*	31"
	Caribbean Airlines	*	47-60"	*	32-34"
	Cathay Pacific	79"	60"	*	31"
	China Airlines	83"	50"	*	32"
	China Eastern Airlines	80"	60"	*	32"
	China Southern Airlines	*	60"	40"	33"
	Condor Airlines	*	49"	37"	31"
	Copa Airlines	*	44"	*	32"
	Cubana Airlines	*	50"	*	32"
	Cyprus Airways	*	41-42"	*	31-32"
	Czech Airlines	*	47"	*	32"
	Delta Air Lines	*	60"	*	32"
	Dragonair	82"	50"	*	31"
	easyJet	*	*	*	29"
	Egyptair	62"	48"	*	33"
	El Al Israel Airlines	68"	55"	*	32"
	Emirates	69"	48"	*	32-33"
	Estonian Air	*	33"	*	33"
	Ethiopian Airlines	*	57"	*	32"
	Etihad Airways	75"	49"	*	32"
	EVA Air	80"	47-61"	38"	33"
	Finnair	*	63"	*	32"
	flyBe	*	*	*	31"
	Frontier Airlines	*	*	*	33"
	Garuda Indonesia	*	54"	42"	33"
	Ghana Int'l Airlines	*	59"	*	34"
	Gulf Air	80"	50"	*	32-33"
	Hawaiian Airlines	54"	*	*	31"
	Iberia	*	78"	*	32"
	Icelandair	*	39"	33"	32"
	Iceland Express	*	*	*	31"
	Iran Air	*	49"	*	31"
	Israir Airlines	*	*	*	31"
	Japan Airlines	83"	62"	*	33"
	JAT Airways	*	36"	*	32"
	Jet Airways	*	38"	*	31"
	JetBlue Airways	*	*	*	32"
	K L M	*	60"	*	31"
	Kenya Airways	*	76"	*	32"
	Korean Air	83"	60"	*	33"
	Kuwait Airways	61"	45"	*	32"
	LAN	83"	55"	*	32"
	Lauda Air	*	50"	*	31"
	LOT Polish Airlines	*	57"	*	32"
	Lufthansa	84"	48"	*	31"
	Luxair	*	32"	*	32"
	Mahan Air	*	40"	*	32"
	Malev Hungarian	*	40"	*	32"
	Malaysia Airlines	80"	58"	*	34"
	Meridiana	*	32"	*	32"
	Middle East Airlines	*	42-48"	*	32"
	Monarch Airlines	*	*	34"	31"
	Northwest Airlines	*	60"	*	31"
	Olympic Air	*	36"	*	31"
	Oman Air	*	40"	*	32"
	Pakistan Int'l	*	60"	*	32"
	Philippine Airlines	82"	45"	*	32"
	Qantas Airways	78"	61"	*	31"
	Qatar Airways	79"	52"	*	32-34"
	Royal Air Maroc	*	36"	*	32"
	Royal Brunei Airlines	*	57"	*	32"
	Royal Jordanian Airlines	*	82"	*	34"
	Ryanair	*	*	*	30"
	SAS Scandinavian	*	50"	37"	32"
	Saudi Arabian	64"	45"	*	34"
	SilkAir	*	38"	*	32"
	Singapore Airlines	78"	58"	*	32"
	South African Airways	83"	55-78"	*	31-34"
	Southwest Airlines	*	*	*	32-33"
	SriLankan Airlines	*	48"	*	32"
	Swiss	83"	48"	*	31"
	Tarom Romanian	*	42"	*	32"
	TAP Air Portugal	*	46"	*	33"
	Thai Airways	80"	50"	*	34"
	Thomas Cook	*	*	33"	29"
	Tunisair	*	38"	*	32"
	Turkish Airlines	*	54"	*	32"
	Ukraine Int'l	*	34"	*	30"
	United Airlines	88"	55"	35"	31"
	US Airways	38"	53-94"	*	31-33"
	Vietnam Airlines	*	52-59"	38"	33"
	Virgin America	55"	*	38"	31"
	Virgin Atlantic	*	76"	38"	32"
	Virgin Australia	*	38-60"	34"	31"
	WestJet	*	*	*	33-35"

SEAT PITCH

This is the distance between a row of seats - the measurement from the same position on two seats, one behind the other - it is NOT the legroom area as some believe. (For example, the back face of the seat in front of you, measured to the same point on the back face of the seat you are sitting in).

 SEAT WIDTH

We have not included Seat Width in this table - this is largely due to considerable discrepancy between the way many airlines quote seat widths. Some provide the measurement between the inside of the armrests, others the distance between the middle of armrests etc. 

Seat pitch details are believed to be correct at time of publishing, but Skytrax cannot be held responsible for any errors that may exist. Please note that some figures represent new product installations that may not be completed or available across an airline's whole fleet of aircraft.

 

Pay-as-you-weigh pricing of an air ticket: Economics and major issues for discussions and investigations

 

Many airlines have struggled with high fuel costs and aggressive competition from low-fare carriers. They may be counting on the new airfare pricing standard to increase revenue and profits. It is hard to see how this approach could result in more competition or anything but higher costs for many travelers.

References

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12. Southwest Airlines. (2011) Customers of size policy: Guidelines for customers of size. http://www.southwest.com/html/customer-service/extra-seat/index-pol.html, accessed 13 January 2011.
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